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Two glycoproteins of 34 and 49 kDa present on the surface and the cytoplasm of all epithelial cells are recognized by Ber-EP4 (except for the superficial layers of squamous epithelial, hepatocytes and parietal cells). It shows a broad spectrum of reactivity with human epithelial cells such as simple epithelia and basal layers of stratified non-keratinized squamous epithelium and epidermis, however it rarely marks mesoepithelial cells. Ber-EP4 can differentiate adenocarcinomas from pleural mesotheliomas

While beta-catenin is an important regulator of cell–cell adhesion and embryogenesis, mutations of it may lead to some human cancers. Normal cells show membrane staining for beta-catenin, while cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining is abnormal. Dysregulation of beta-catenin occurs in Gardner syndrome, leading both to familial adenomatous polyposis and fibromatosis. Nuclear location of beta-catenin is also present in colon and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, palisaded myofibroblastoma, and other sarcomas.

This antibody is specific for the Lewis Y (Type 2 Chain) carbohydrate antigen, which is a clinical marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. BG8 also reacts with lung adenocarcinomas and is negative focally or weakly positive in epithelial mesotheliomas.